![]() “Assembly lines were speeded up mercilessly to raise productivity and restore profit levels,” writes Sears. After laying off thousands, it hired many back, but didn’t take seniority into account and paid lower wages than before. But GM had maintained its grip on the automobile market at the expense of its own workers. Sears, it dominated more than 43 percent of the domestic market, and was the nation’s most profitable automaker. The moves helped keep GM on top.īy 1936, writes historian Stephen W. When the economy had begun to spin out of control, GM had slashed prices, cut production of some more expensive models, and laid off huge swaths of its workforce. Meanwhile, the nation’s largest automaker, General Motors, was actually experiencing an uptick in sales thanks to its aggressive response to the Great Depression. The story was the same across the entire economy, and stoked discontent among jobseekers and workers alike. Those who did keep their jobs tolerated abysmal working conditions, afraid to speak up lest they be laid off, too. Automakers slashed jobs, axing thousands of employees with no regard for seniority. Car sales collapsed, and the industry’s production levels sagged. For many auto workers, unions simply weren’t worth risking their jobs-pay was relatively good, and when workers were laid off they were often rehired at higher rates once a company’s profits rose.īut then the Great Depression hit in 1929. Lynch, General Motors invested $1 million in surveillance between 19. Workers knew they could lose their jobs for trying to organize, and faced corporate spies who reported any pro-union activity back to management. The automobile industry had long discouraged unions. Instead, craft unions that organized workers across specialties were the norm. Unions had long struggled to create unions across industries. ![]() Though unions often formed in response to dangerous working conditions, going on strike exposed workers to the danger of physical violence from hired thugs or police that served as companies’ strong-arms. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.Historically, striking workers had risked their lives on the picket lines. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.įor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. View the institutional accounts that are providing access.View your signed in personal account and access account management features.Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.Ĭlick the account icon in the top right to: See below.Ī personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. ![]() Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society.If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.Įnter your library card number to sign in. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases.
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